O que é a catarata e como ela surge?
A catarata é uma doença que acomete o cristalino — que é a lente natural do olho —, deixando-o opaco e tornando a visão cinzenta, com aspecto de “nublado”. A cor natural do cristalino é transparente, e é justamente a perda dessa transparência o principal sintoma da catarata. Com o tempo, a visão se torna cada vez mais ofuscada, levando, em último caso, à cegueira.
Na maioria dos casos, a catarata surge a partir dos 50 anos e com maior prevalência nas pessoas acima dos 60.
No caso de catarata congênita (que já nasce com a criança), trata-se de uma má formação do cristalino do bebê durante a gestação, representando a principal causa de cegueira infantil.
Ainda, é possível que a catarata se desenvolva a partir de outras doenças e problemas oculares. Acompanhe o próximo tópico e conheça as principais.
A catarata pode levar a cegueira?
A catarata pode causar cegueira em alguns pacientes, mas essa é uma cegueira reversível, com tratamento adequado e uma cirurgia as pessoas voltam a enxergar tudo normal.
De acordo com pesquisadores, aproximadamente 50% da população possui incapacidade visual causada pela catarata.
Quais as causas e os fatores de risco para a catarata?
Além da catarata senil (que se desenvolve pelo envelhecimento), e da possível catarata congênita (devido a uma má formação do feto no período de gestação), a catarata pode se desenvolver de forma secundária, a partir de doenças sistêmicas ou oculares. Conheça alguns exemplos:
– Alto grau de miopia;
– Uveíte;
– Glaucoma;
– Descolamento da retina;
– Diabetes;
– Exposição excessiva ao sol;
– Tabagismo;
– Consumo excessivo de bebidas alcoólicas;
– Uso de determinados medicamentos (como corticóides e alguns tipos de antibióticos, remédios para a acne, antidepressivos e medicamentos para pressão alta).
Quais os sintomas da catarata?
O primeiro sinal da catarata é a visão “nublada”, e a impressão de que os objetos à frente estão amarelados, embaçados ou distorcidos. A partir daí, outros problemas decorrentes da visão prejudicada podem surgir. Por exemplo:
- Dificuldade de se locomover à noite ou em locais mal iluminados;
- A visão pode ficar ainda mais ofuscada na presença de muita claridade;
- Estresse e problemas psicológicos pela dificuldade de enxergar;
- Perda de interesse em atividades rotineiras, como ler, assistir TV, conversar ou mesmo sair de casa, diante da dificuldade em enxergar.
A catarata tem cura?
Sim. É preciso dizer, inclusive, que muitas pessoas — principalmente os idosos —, costumam deixar de lado os sintomas da doença, por se conformarem de que se trata de um processo natural do envelhecimento. De modo geral, acreditam que não há nada que possa ser feito para resolver o problema.
Curar a catarata, no entanto, consiste basicamente em remover o cristalino danificado — por meio de cirurgia —, e substituí-lo por uma lente intraocular totalmente nova. Na maioria dos casos, essa lente não precisará ser substituída no futuro. A visão será completamente restaurada, e os primeiros resultados já serão rapidamente percebidos. Por exemplo:
- Será possível enxergar muito melhor tudo em volta;
- A noção espacial do paciente melhora significativamente, reduzindo a chance de quedas e de esbarrar em objetos próximos;
- A visão melhora significativamente à noite;
- A presença de muita claridade em um ambiente deixa de incomodar como antes;
- A qualidade de vida melhora significativamente como um todo.
Como posso tratar a catarata?
Alguns médicos costumam receitar medicamentos, bem como prescrever o uso de óculos de grau para pacientes com catarata. No entanto, os resultados desses tratamentos podem ser transitórios, não existindo uma comprovação da sua efetividade.
A correção cirúrgica, portanto, é a única opção para remover, de fato, a catarata, contornando seus impactos na vida do paciente.
A cirurgia irá remover o cristalino danificado e substituí-lo por uma lente intraocular totalmente nova. Dependendo do paciente e da lente escolhida, é possível, inclusive, corrigir problemas refrativos, como a miopia, o astigmatismo, a hipermetropia e também a presbiopia, ou seja, o paciente pode ficar completamente livre dos óculos tanto de longe quanto de perto.
Como é feita a cirurgia para remover catarata?
A cirurgia de catarata consiste em uma técnica conhecida como facoemulsificação. Ela é realizada da seguinte maneira: com o uso de um aparelho ultrassônico (facoemulsificador), o cristalino danificado é removido e aspirado, para que a catarata seja removida do olho
Para facilitar essa remoção, é feita uma pequena incisão (em torno de 2 a 3mm) no cristalino, com uma espécie de caneta fina e delicada, sobre o efeito de uma anestesia aplicada por meio de um colírio. O procedimento é completamente indolor e o paciente, sob uma leve sedação, irá “cochilar” durante 10 a 15 minutos (tempo da cirurgia).
Caso seja necessário, podem ser dados ainda sedativos para que a pessoa adormeça durante o procedimento cirúrgico.
É seguro eu passar por uma cirurgia no olho?
Sim. A tecnologia já avançou muito, garantindo muito mais precisão e segurança em procedimentos cirúrgicos oculares. Na maioria das vezes, a visão é restaurada rapidamente sem qualquer efeito colateral.
O que vale ressaltar, no entanto, é o cuidado ao escolher o médico que irá realizar o procedimento e ao investigar a qualidade e a experiência da clínica de oftalmologia em questão.
Dicas básicas são: pesquise o cadastro do médico em questão no CRM do seu Estado; se possível, conheça pacientes que já fizeram cirurgia com o médico; busque por avaliações sobre a clínica nas redes sociais e em sites, como o Reclame Aqui, para evitar transtornos.
Encontrando um bom atendimento, o procedimento cirúrgico terá mais chances de sucesso, garantindo qualidade de vida ao paciente.
Tenha mais informações no vídeo abaixo:
40 comentários em “Tudo sobre a cirurgia de Catarata”
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