O que é conjuntivite?
A conjuntivite é a inflamação de uma camada fina e transparente (conjuntiva) que recobre o branco do olho e a parte interior das pálpebras.
A conjuntivite é muitas vezes temida pelas pessoas, mas é um problema ocular bastante comum e, em geral, facilmente tratada. Além disso, com algumas precauções simples, a conjuntivite geralmente pode ser evitada.
Qualquer pessoa, em qualquer fase da vida está sujeita a ter um quadro de conjuntivite, mas as pessoas alérgicas e os usuários de lentes de contato por tempo prolongado são mais susceptíveis ás conjuntivites alérgicas, enquanto as infecciosas podem aparecer em qualquer pessoas e em qualquer momento.
Como saber se estou com conjutivite?
A forma ideal de identificar um tipo de conjuntivite, é consultar um oftalmologista, que através do exame ocular irá observar se as alterações são sugestivas de um quadro infeccioso, viral ou bacteriano ou se sugerem um quadro alérgico ou mesmo tóxico. Até saber o diagnóstico, deve se prevenir o contágio, evitando contato físico direto e partilhar objetos que estejam em contato o rosto, como toalhas ou travesseiros. Saiba mais sobre que cuidados ter para não passar conjuntivite.
Quais são os tipos e o que causa conjuntivite?
Os principais tipos de conjuntivite são:
- Conjuntivite viral. Causada por um vírus, como o do resfriado comum. Esse tipo de conjuntivite é muito contagioso, mas geralmente melhora sozinha em alguns dias mesmo sem tratamento médico.
- Conjuntivite bacteriana. Causado por bactérias, esse tipo de conjuntivite necessita de tratamento com colírios e/ou pomadas com antibióticos.
- Conjuntivite alérgica. Esse tipo de conjuntivite é causado por substâncias alergênicas, como pólen, poeira e pelos de animais, em indivíduos suscetíveis. A conjuntivite alérgica pode ser sazonal (pólen, especialmente no período da primavera) ou aparecer durante o ano todo (poeira; pelos de animais).
Sintomas de conjuntivite
O principal sinal da conjuntivite é o olho com aparência avermelhada. Outros sintomas da conjuntivite ocular dependem do tipo de conjuntivite:
- Os sintomas da conjuntivite viral incluem lacrimejamento, coceira ou sensibilidade à luz. Um ou ambos os olhos podem ser afetados. A conjuntivite viral é contagiosa e pode se espalhar através da tosse e espirros.
- Os sintomas de conjuntivite bacteriana incluem uma secreção ocular amarela ou amarelo-esverdeada no canto do olho. Em alguns casos, essa secreção pode ser intensa o suficiente para fazer com que as pálpebras fiquem presas quando você acorda. Um ou ambos os olhos podem ser afetados. A conjuntivite bacteriana é contagiosa, geralmente por contato direto com mãos infectadas ou itens que tocaram o olho.
- Os sintomas de conjuntivite alérgica incluem olhos lacrimejantes, ardência e principalmente coceira, e são frequentemente acompanhados de congestão nasal, coriza e sensibilidade à luz. A conjuntivite alérgica afeta os dois olhos, mas esse tipo de conjuntivite não é contagioso.
Como tratar conjuntivite
Como seria de esperar, o tratamento da conjuntivite depende do tipo que você contraiu:
- Tratamento da conjuntivite viral: Na maioria dos casos, a conjuntivite viral se prolonga por um período de vários dias, e não é necessário o uso de medicamentos. A aplicação de uma compressa fria e úmida nos olhos várias vezes ao dia pode aliviar os sintomas.
- Tratamento da conjuntivite bacteriana: Seu oftalmologista prescreverá colírios ou pomadas antibióticas para o tratamento da conjuntivite bacteriana.
- Tratamento da conjuntivite alérgica: Medicamentos para alergia geralmente podem ajudar a prevenir ou reduzir crises de conjuntivite alérgica.
Muitas vezes, pode ser difícil distinguir o tipo de conjuntivite que você possui apenas pelos sintomas (ou se outras condições oculares ou de saúde estiverem causando seus sintomas).
Condições associadas à conjuntivite incluem olhos secos. Por esses motivos, sempre que você desenvolver olhos vermelhos e irritados, procure seu oftalmologista e agende um exame oftalmológico.
Se você usa lentes de contato e seus olhos estão vermelhos e irritados, remova-as e use apenas seus óculos até que o oftalmologista possa examinar seus olhos.
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